It is a complete and utter fallacy to say that bowlers nowadays have greater workloads than players of the past.
It is the workload argument that is the primary reason for Cricket Australia’s latest innovation – the oft questioned and criticised, rotation policy.
It is a policy that has not been designed by cricket people but by sports scientists and biomechanists.
The rationale behind this new fad is the thing that troubles me.
Let’s, for argument’s sake, have a look at workloads of cricketers in days past.
And keeping in mind that the rotation policy centres around pace bowlers, that is what we will compare.
If you go back to the immediate post-war period you can get some astronomical figures with regard to the number of balls delivered by English bowlers during their careers.
Alec Bedser delivered 106,118 deliveries in 485 first-class matches, Brian Statham 100,955 in 559, and Fred Trueman 99,700 in 603.
But let’s move further forward and look at some more recent bowlers:
f/c matches balls List A balls Total balls
G McKenzie 383 76,888 151 7,515 84,403
J Snow 346 60,958 182 8,882 69,840
R Willis 328 47,986 293 14,983 62,969
M Marshall 408 74,645 440 22,332 96,977
C Walsh 429 85,443 440 21,881 107,324
Waqar Younis 228 39,182 411 19,811 58,993
Wasim Akram 257 50,277 594 29,719 79,996
D Gough 248 44,023 420 20,665 64,688
A Donald 316 58,801 458 22,856 81,657
A Caddick 275 59,663 262 12,827 72,490
Even more interesting is the number of deliveries and workload that was undertaken by all-rounders back in the 1970s and ‘80s.
Unfortunately there is no definitive number of balls bowled for Richard Hadlee, but one would imagine they would be on a par, if not greater, than the other great all-rounders of the period:
f/c matches balls List A balls Total balls
I Botham 402 63,547 470 22,899 86,446
Imran Khan 382 65,224 425 19,122 84,346
Kapil Dev 275 48,853 310 14,947 63,800
When you consider that the ‘Great Four’ also had to spend many hours at the crease as batsmen the work that they did with the ball is quite incredible when compared to the specialist bowlers who have been listed above.
And what about the figures for contemporary all-rounders, of which there aren’t all that many:
f/c matches balls List A balls Total balls
S Pollock 186 39,067 435 21,588 60,655
J Kallis 249 28,238 417 13,559 41,797
A Flintoff 183 22,799 282 9,416 32,215
Now, let’s have a look at the workloads that have been endured by Australian pace bowlers who have played a significant number of Tests in recent times:
f/c matches balls List A balls Total balls
G McGrath 189 41,759 305 15,808 57,567
B Lee 116 24,193 262 13,475 37,668
J Gillespie 189 35,372 192 10,048 45,420
A Bichel 186 37,197 235 11,433 48,630
M Kasprowicz 242 49,376 226 11,037 60,413
None of these players bowled as much as Botham, Kapil, Imran and Hadlee, and never had to do the batting.
And what of the two current Australian bowlers with significant Test experience who are part of the rotation system (stats prior to the start of the current SCG Test):
f/c matches balls List A balls Total balls
M Johnson 90 18,174 141 7,122 25,296
P Siddle 70 13,832 38 1,816 15,648
Given their ages – Johnson 31 and Siddle 28 – neither are likely to post numbers anywhere near the likes of McGrath, Kasprowicz or Bichel.
Many talk about the travel component of the modern-day cricketer and the influence it has on the body.
That is a fair point, but I would argue that the likes of Walsh, Marshall, Wasim and Donald had their fair share of travel as well.
Cricket Australia continues to preach that Test cricket is still the pre-eminent form of the game – and thank God they do – but if that is the case, surely it would be better to implement a rotation policy during limited-over tournaments.
That is even if the policy is required.
This is what South Africa has done with Dale Steyn, who claimed his 300th wicket in his 61st Test this week.
When available, he plays Test cricket and is never rotated out of the side, and interestingly, he is the number one bowler in the world.
During the reign of the mighty West Indian sides of the late-1970s and ‘80s, fast bowlers were not rotated but selected on merit, even though many also played for six months of the year on the English county circuit.
To rest Mitchell Starc after successive five-wicket hauls, and whilst in the form of his career, for the Boxing Day Test beggars belief.
Given the workloads that were efficiently handled, often in their stride, by players of years past perhaps it is time for CA to revisit its rotation policy.
Simply trotting out the line that players are overworked nowadays is extremely questionable.
It wasn’t that long ago that the likes of Terry Alderman, Geoff Lawson and Dennis Lillee would play up to five Sheffield Shield matches and numerous domestic one-dayers each season between Test and ODI commitments.
Nowadays, players hardly turn out for their states because they are ordered to rest by the powers that be at CA.
Surely then they do not need additional rest periods when Test matches are being played.
The baggy green has always been regarded as one of the most treasured commodities in Australian sport.
Let’s have the best players, especially when they are in form, playing in the Test arena.
Scotty J
Guest
We better start rotating the batsman, if you score successive hundreds you better have a rest. Clarkey would'nt be playing much cricket.
David Colley
Guest
Glenn, I am one of those 70's all rounders. If I wasnt on the field and didnt have the ball in my hand I wasn't going to get wickets, let alone giving the other quicks a chance to get my poles. Workload, what crap, pain, injury, severe discomfort, MANDATORY! We bowled in the nets for hours, ran the roads to get strong, 6 overs was a short spell, blood in your boots was an expectation, not an issue. This lot are soft and over pampered. Rotation, thats what we did on the dance floor. Cheers, David Colley (257).
Ron Johanson
Guest
Thanks heaps Glenn for these insightful figures. This is not rocket science, surely you always put your best team on the park!
I am DRS
Guest
Oh and I forgot Pattinson
Higgo
Guest
Agree Glenn re: Test cricket is priority - our main fast bowlers (test bowlers) shouldn't be included in the 20/20 format.
Higgo
Guest
Fantastic writeup Glenn!! and about time someone stated some clear facts. Some great opinions written here and makes for very good reading. I don't agree with the rotation policy whatsoever. Fast bowlers know there bodies better than anyone (obviously) - it's time they put the decision making back to the individual and let each fast bowler decide if they're fit to play or not. They don't get paid to sit on the couch watching. They're professional sportsman who want to play for there country. All this analising of bowlers work loads is absolute crap. Get back to the basics - bowler runs in, bowls - it's not complicated yet all this university garbage has made it that way. Go and find another sport to stuff up and leave cricket to how it should be played - hard
I am DRS
Guest
I really don't know whether the rotation policy is sound management practice for the overall benefit of the test team. One thing with which you can't argue is that the decision to rotate bowlers has given us enormous bowling depth. I use the recent example of Mitch Johnson's selection at Perth which was in place of the rested Siddle and/or Hilfenhaus. But for the rotation policy he would not have been selected in Perth, or Melbourne (Starc) and perhaps Sydney. Was his selection and Man of the Match performance in Melbourne not a good one? I would say so. Let me further illustrate my point by listing the current crop of test-standard fast bowlers in Australia, albeit some of them injured; Starc, Johnson, Siddle, Hilfenhaus, Harris, Bollinger, Bird, Hastings and Cummins. I could even add Cutting and Hazelwood to that list too having both been 12th man in the past 12 or so months. Is this sort of bowling depth healthy? I think the selectors ought to be praised for having such enormous depth.
Fourth Umpire
Guest
Thanks for sharing your thoughts Glenn. I'm reminded of my dad's advice (from the ark age); when a capable player had a good day with the bat, throw 'em the ball. The theory was about being "in the zone" or whatever modern spin you want to give it ... form takes practise and opportunity. Rest schmest.
matt h
Guest
By your last paragraph, wouldn't the logic also be that young player would "harden up" by bowling more?
matt h
Guest
Well I would say that bowling cold for 17 deliveries per day would be worse than bowling warmed up for two six over spells per day
matt h
Guest
Of course the converse is true. What if was not rotated turned into a Reid / Harris and took only 100 wickets?
matt h
Guest
To be fair, MJ's career in ODI is actually more impressive than his test stats. When batsmen have to play at his wide of off stump line he is difficult. When they can leave them all day until he tries to change his line is when he gets thumped everywhere. Yorker outsdie off stump tailing away is about the hardest ball to hit if the square and cover boundaries are well covered.
matt h
Guest
Agreed, if you list the bowlers of the past, you need to add in those, like Bruce Reid, who were regularly injured and bowled nowhere near this number of balls. Otherwsie you are cherry picking data to support your view, rather than collecting the data and using it to come to an objective decision. So with that in mind, I'm going to completely ignore my own advice and deliver opinion backed by nothing at all.... I think the lack of a proper off season has a large part to play. Very few other sports have no period of rest and recuperation. I also wonder if the endurance requirements of test matches and the fast twitch cold to hot of 4 overs in twenty twenty cause problems. Basically no one knows ... but CA get a lot of money to know, so hopefully they are getting closer to an answer.
jameswm
Guest
It's a combination of bowling and gym work. You can't simply discount the gym work, which is also what got D K Lillee back on track after his back stress fractures early in his career. And by gym work, I don't mean My Universe weightlifting, I mean the core strength and flexibility training they need.
Jonty
Guest
I think it is always good to maintain conversations around the data as it appears that there is a lot of emotion being passed off as accurate argument. It is also good to see a journalist actually do some research other than just start bush fires. Although I must say i am in Benno's camp on this on not only the interpretation of the numbers but on some of the data selected. I am immediately suspicious when we are having an argument around Australian fast bowlers and the initial data list contains only one Australian fast bowler. There is no doubt Graham Mckenzie was a champion but he retired over 40 years ago, the sheduling of one-day, T20 and Test cricket has changed over that time . Why haven't you given more recent data (at least since the advent of World Series cricket) on the subsequent champions (Lillee, Thompson, Lawson, McDermott, Reid to name a few) as the baseline data, I don't know what their data was but my suspicion because of their exclusion is that they weren't as impressive. Certainly the numbers of recent bowlers McGrath and Kasper fit in quite well with the original list. The comparison of end of career numbers to Siddle's and Johnson's mid to late career numbers is a phurphy the comparison needs to be at the same stages of the career to make any sense. . Also the bowling numbers alone are not enough information to make any sort of informed decision as injury is also a key. It is easy to luxuriate in the strength of a fast bowler bowling 400 balls in a match as Lawson did in a match against NZ in Novemeber 1985 (we lost) and then miss three series due to injury.
BennO
Guest
Ok I'm going to shut up now, but it seems there's a bit of a consensus forming that better scheduling is what is needed to reduce the fast bowling injuries. That seems fair enough to me. Course, since no national cricketing body is going to reduce the number of matches and therefore dollars earned, it would make sense for the managers to use some kind of strategy to reduce the load on the players over the summer, particularly the fast bowlers. What would we call such a strategy? A resting strategy? A management strategy? ;-)
BennO
Guest
Swampy, No I'm not a sports scientist. But I am a scientist and analysing data to reveal complicated patterns that aren't apparent at first glance is a major part of what I do and the papers I publish. Please understand that I have no interest or care for "the theory" as you keep calling it. It's data that can be informative if we use it properly. My job has given me an understanding of how to use data properly and how data can be misused. And showing a few examples of bowlers who bowled more deliveries in the past is only one half of the story, and examining only that half of it is misleading. You're deceiving yourself by comparing today's bowlers only to the highest numbers in history. THat's not comparing like with like and that's been my point. No one will likely ever bowl that much again, not even Mcgrath did. Let's look at the numbers for Johnson against our recent players... Johnson is on track to bowl as many balls as Mcgrath and Gillespie given the number of matches he's played. That means he's bowling the same amount per match. Johnson has played half as many matches and he's bowled about half as many balls. He's got another six years of bowling to reach Mcgrath's retirement age so who knows how far he'll get. He'll very likely exceed the number of balls bowled by Bichel and possibly Lee. So compared to our recent legends, he's actually doing alright. Consensus based on experience is one thing, and certainly valuable, but properly collected and correctly analysed data is much more so. But it has to be done right to be of value.
BennO
Guest
Interesting. I guess it's not surprising that it would be a U shaped curve and presumably it shifts in location as a bowler progresses through their career.
BennO
Guest
Glenn, Absolutely there is clearly something up given the current high injury load. And yes it does seem counter productive to stop a bloke from bowling after 17 balls each day, when he's working on his technique. And yes, you only get fit for bowling by bowling makes a lot of sense and is probably bang on. And yes that would be worthy of some kind of experiment to figure it out. But there also seems to be clear evidence that overuse injuries are a problem and they would seem to me to be a problem that can be managed quite easily - by reducing the load. Whether that's the real cause or not I don't know but we won't know if we won't try. And if you're going to use data to guide your decisions you've got to use it and follow the plans for the long run; that's been my argument. I actually don't know how long the rotation policy has been in full swing, I thought it was only fairly recent. But rotation aside, if a scientific approach to bowling management has been going since 2002, then a single spate of injuries to very young bowlers in 2011/2012 doesn't suggest to me that it's rubbish at all. I'd say quite the opposite. Ten years of reasonable success. Regarding the injuries to new bowlers, I actually wonder if it's more to do with lifestyle and work before cricket than bowling load. The natural strength a person gets from hard physical work is unlike anything else. Shake a young farmer's hand or a young builder's hand and you know they've worked a solid day every day of their lives. I suspect that type of young life gives an overall body strength that would stand up better to the rigours of fast bowling. I really don't know but throwing hay bails around, fixing fences and wrestling cattle gives you a certain physical toughness that gym work or bowling in the nets can't give. It's the Os du Randt vs Al Baxter idea. I imagine the Australian bowlers of yesteryear were more likely to have worked a physical job before increasing their bowling load which would have braced them well for the demands.
Jason
Guest
As I said in an earlier thread, with the rotation policy in place we should at least go back to the SCG test starting on 2 January.