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The announcement comes 11 days after Barcelona’s humiliating 8-2 loss to Bayern Munich in the Champions League quarter-finals, one of the worst defeats in the player’s career and in the club’s history.
The defeat capped a difficult season for Barcelona – the first without a title since 2007-08 – and ignited one of its worst crises ever.
The 33-year-old has won a record six Ballon d’Or awards during his time at Barcelona as the top player in the world, and has helped the club win 10 Spanish league titles and four Champions League crowns.
However, his attempt to exit the club could now lead to a legal battle between the two sides over a clause in his contract.
Barcelona said the document sent by Messi referenced a clause allowing him to leave for free at the end of the season.
But the club said the deadline for triggering that clause expired in June and that it would seek legal advice.
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Messi’s contract also includes a 700 million euro ($A1.2 billion) buyout clause.
If Messi can leave for free, he will have no shortage of suitors.
However, only a handful of clubs could realistically afford to pay his wages even without a transfer fee – with mega-rich Paris Saint-Germain and Manchester City widely seen as perhaps the most likely destinations.
Messi had been outspoken about his dissatisfaction with some of Barcelona’s decisions this season.
He had been silent since the loss to Bayern, though, raising doubts about his future.