Concussion test to protect players and clubs from themselves

By Brett McKay / Expert

Please excuse my cross-pollination of topics between the mastheads for which I write, Roarers, but I touched on something yesterday for ESPNscrum that I really think warrants deeper discussion.

It all relates to the curious and simultaneously worrying occurrence in the Blues-Brumbies game on Saturday evening, where in the 75th minute, Brumbies outside centre Tevita Kuridrani got his head in the wrong position in attempting to bring down Blues fullback Charles Piutau.

Play was stopped soon after, with the Brumbies getting no advantage from the Piutau’s knock-on – which came from the tackle after Kuridrani’s attempt, a tackle where Christian Lealiifano coincidentally also had his head in the wrong position. It may have even been Lealiifano’s head that forced the ball loose.

Kuridrani had stayed down in the meantime, and the Brumbies trainers, including Dr Angus Bathgate, came to his assistance almost immediately.

The concern for a head injury was evident to all, and indeed Dr Bathgate began to help Kuridrani from the field, where you would imagine a Pitch Side Concussion Assessment would’ve been conducted, even though there was less than five minutes left in the game.

Kuridrani and the trainers got about half way to the sideline when time was called back on, at which point Kuridrani looks to have decided that he was fine, and despite some initial resistance from Dr Bathgate, Kuridrani was allowed to take his place back in the defensive line.

I was really impressed at this point, at first anyway, when referee Lourens van der Merwe held up play to run over and check whether the player truly was fit to continue.

However, the conversation took a rather disturbing twist:

Van der Merwe: “Are you happy for 13 [Kuridrani] to be on the field? I’m not going to take responsibility for him. Are you happy with that?”

Bathgate: (nodding) “Yeah, he passed the test there, so…”

Van der Merwe: “Are you sure? You don’t want to send him for a concussion test?”

Bathgate: “No, I think he’s OK. We’ll keep an eye on him for the next two minutes.”

Van der Merwe: “Alright, sure.”

And play continued. Kuridrani played out the remaining four and a half minutes of play with no evident discomfort, and indeed made a couple more tackles, one of which stopped Blues winger Frank Halai after a half break.

Kuridrani could be seen pointing at Blues attackers and organising Brumbies defensive alignments. He certainly looked ‘OK’ in the remaining period of play, and there have been no reported after effects.

Three days on, word from the Brumbies is that he’s completely clear of all concern.

Here’s my take on this from yesterday’s Scrum Five:

“There’s all sorts of alarm bells in this for me. For starters, the whole point of the PSCA is to ensure players can be assessed properly, well away from the temptation of the game, and the laws allow teams a free temporary substitution to do so.

“The test is in place because player safety is paramount, and also so that teams aren’t disadvantaged by having to use one of their seven replacements.

“I’m not for a minute suggesting that Dr Bathgate acted anything but professionally, and likewise I obviously don’t know what “the test” on field comprised, but surely in this situation, when the referee had recognised the state of the player enough to audibly attempt to absolve himself of responsibility for the player’s welfare, the duty of care should extend beyond asking the medics if they want to conduct the PSCA, but to actually ensure they do? Head injuries are not trivial, and the situation of a game should not dictate how they are handled.”

The Super Rugby ‘Game Deliverables’ overview, in which the introduction of the PCSA was explained, says the test is there “For players suspected of having a bad head knock and could be concussed”.

There’s no hard and fast rule on when it should be applied, though, and perhaps this is something that needs to be looked at further.

It seemed unusual at the time, but referee van der Merve did the right thing, and acted well within the PSCA Procedures as laid out within the Super Rugby Tournament Manual (Section 4.3):

1. Who can request a PSCA?
The Referee, the Match Day Doctor or the Team Doctor are allowed to request PSCA. An opposition Team Doctor is not allowed to request a PSCA on an opposing player.

Van der Merwe’s attempts to absolve responsibility shouldn’t wash though, and if he was concerned enough to try and disown any ongoing problems then perhaps what he should have done is more forcefully request that the Brumbies did actually take Kuridrani off and conduct the PSCA properly.

Just to be clear, my concern is not with this case in particular, but rather the possibility in the future that genuine concussion injuries will be similarly given the ‘wait and see’ approach if a game is in the balance. Even more so if the head injury has been suffered by a key player.

My concern is that while the PSCA is there to protect the players and indeed the clubs from themselves and to bring some degree of universal assessment into the treatment of head injuries, I wonder whether the guidelines might not go far enough.

Should the procedures not just allow referees to request a PSCA be conducted in cases where the concern is quite evident, but to actually direct a team doctor or the MDD to do so?

There is so much more research being done on the effects of concussion and brain injury in numerous sports around the world – and particularly related to the NFL in the States – that surely we’ve reached a point where any head knock should be assessed properly.

Head injuries are not trivial matters. Player welfare is not something that should vary depending on the game situation, and where possible concussion is concerned it is much better to lean too far on the conservative side. Let’s not allow unnecessary risks to be taken.

I’ll be interested to hear your thoughts in this one. Even with the guidelines in place, there’s obviously still some grey areas in how suspected head injuries are treated.

The Crowd Says:

2013-05-29T05:05:00+00:00

Darth Vader

Guest


the Doctor's indecision at the crucial moment was a cringe worthy moment!

2013-05-28T20:59:27+00:00

nickoldschool

Roar Guru


All good Chivas. I agreed with what you had said before and what you say in this post. The life and death line i mentioned was in relation to an earlier post of someone else with whom i disagreed. thanks for clarifying though as its a very complex, subjective and touchy subject. kpm, couldnt agree more again; as you point out 'team doctors' are not only doctors, they are also employees. and yes it does change everything.

2013-05-28T19:48:28+00:00

Billy Bob

Guest


Yes Brett our heads are all in the same place

2013-05-28T14:02:49+00:00

kingplaymaker

Roar Guru


nos sorry I was away from the computer for so long that I only just saw this. Of course doctors are can be influenced: I don't know a single profession where pressures can never affect the decisions people make and stop them being objective. The whole notion of a 'team' doctor deciding seems wrong to me. I think an independent figure should be in charge.

2013-05-28T13:58:56+00:00

kingplaymaker

Roar Guru


The Bush sorry but I wasn't able to look at the computer for a long time so I doubt you would read my reply to this now: there will be an article on the issue soon so we can continue there. I wasn't talking about this example, but the larger question of whether players with concussions should play on.

2013-05-28T13:34:06+00:00

Chivas

Guest


I mentioned life and death examples as clear examples where even on the extreme end there are mistakes made and poor decisions for which there is no accountability. So how much more likely when a decision doesn't typically lead to that. So firstly debunk the myth that there is accountability by law. The point I was making was remove the situation where it is possible for a doctor to make a snap decision for the sake of a game or pressure from a coach or player. If he starts wobbling pull him off. So I am guessing getting another severe knock would make no difference. Yet I know players who have been told it is dangerous to continue playing as they have had too many knocks but they do. And these are for teams which have team doctors and are high profile. The point is simply there should be structures which enable a decision to be made away from pressures to return a player to the field. If I didn't make it clear in my previous posts. I hope this does.

2013-05-28T13:16:52+00:00

kingplaymaker

Roar Guru


Brett sorry for the slow reply: I think it's a sign of moral courage to stand up for players on the issue as it's the kind of thing that many are too afraid to talk about so hats off.

2013-05-28T10:18:20+00:00

Minz

Guest


Sorry, the point I was trying to make is that, from what I've heard, the PSCA may not be sensitive enough to reliably clear a player of concussion, regardless of how the PSCA is administered or what its guidelines are. This is based on information from a doctor who attended last year's international conference on concussion in sports - apparently, changes can be detected on brain scans (of some sort, not sure which!) even after players test perfectly well and are symptom-free. Anyway, there seems to be a lot of research still ongoing, and I wouldn't be surprised if there's changes in the coming years to how sports deal with these issues. On another note, do you know which PSCA the professional teams use? The one currently the ARU currently promotes is the SCAT2, which provides a score but no pass-fail criteria in the guidelines - it's all about overall presentation and how the player scores relative to their norm (otherwise a really unco player would be getting pulled off all the time :D)

2013-05-28T08:40:34+00:00

nickoldschool

Roar Guru


Kpm, I am only reading what you have written now as I had a big day and I have to admit I do agree with the majority of what you have said. yes doctors can be influenced. Are most of them more than fine, comeptent and professional? Of course they are. for the roarers who are talking about life and deaths issues, lets be honest, this does not represent the majority of the cases we are talking about on rugby fields. I understand that MOC and maybe the bush are docs or are in similar professions. I have been working on the other side, the 'bad one', the big pharma companies, in clinical trials, adverse events and sales for 15 years and have been meeting docs on a daily basis, mostly one on one or in hospitals. And yes, although I have no doubt most doctors would do the right thing in a case of emergency or life/death situation and so on, I have also no doubt that these doctors are influencable as Kpm puts it in the situations we are talking about here, I.e. mild concussion assessment, injuries etc. We aren't in an ideal world and doctors, scientists etc are no different.

2013-05-28T08:25:37+00:00

nickoldschool

Roar Guru


Ok, what I was trying to say is that as someone who is and has been working in the pharmaceutical industry for a long time and talking to doctors on a daily basis, I don't agree that doctors, sports or team doctors, are some kind a superior being who are incorruptible and because they have pledged allegiance to Hippocrates and so on always act in the best interest of their patient, in this case, the players. This is not true. I am absolutely certain than most of them are fine and extremely professional. On the other hand, do I think team docs can sometimes feel pressured to give the all clear to players because the coach or president want the guy to play next week? Yes I do. They are like you and me and in some cases will do what they are told.

2013-05-28T06:42:44+00:00

AdamS

Roar Guru


I think we are going in circles. He can do that already, the player can't argue with him, nor the team captain. The only people who could disagree are the support staff. . I don't see the waterboy trying to override him, so that leaves the team Dr.? The Dr can either agree and take the player off, or as in this case assert his medical opinion. I don't think many refs want to argue medicine with the Dr, nor should they. Refs have enough to worry about without the potential fallout of him needlessly sidelining a player when something dramatic then went on to occur on the field. Teams have Doctors, leave it to the professionals.

2013-05-28T06:42:41+00:00


Yeah, that was why I initially complimented him on his actions. I think though, that this type of incident has now brought up the question (as this is the first time it happened) whether the referee should have more power, and importantly, the player should not have a say in whether he gets tested or not. Any law normally have trials, but they are still "living" entities which gets adapted, and we are likely to see more examples where something happens out of the suspected which could see the law adapted in real match situations.

AUTHOR

2013-05-28T06:36:28+00:00

Brett McKay

Expert


Another point Biltong (and I'm glad I've caught you again) is that it's quite likely this was the first time van der Merwe has encountered this situation. IN the heat of the battle, he probably handled it about as well as could be expected. How many other refs, for eg, would even have run over to the medics and asked the question in the first place?

AUTHOR

2013-05-28T06:33:02+00:00

Brett McKay

Expert


Really interesting discussion today guys, thanks for everyone's input into the chat...

2013-05-28T06:14:01+00:00


Morning Brett, I am not sure exactly what the scope or responsibility of the referee is when it comes to requesting a concussion test. So that makes it difficult to assess what he didn't do. Like I said it is a shame I can't watch a replay of the incident, it would show what his initial request was when he called for the Doctor. If he asked the doctor to do a concussion test when he first came on, he did what I believe is in his scope. What we must not ignore is that the referee is not a medical doctor, therefor the decision and diagnosis does not lie In his hands. Could he have done it better? Most likely he could, did he do what is generally accepted from a referee? I believe so. He showed concern for the players safety, he questioned the doctor twice, so in my view he did what should be seen as generally acceptable by us. Sure his wording comes of a bit gruff and blatant, but hey, we aren't all eloquent and as diplomatic as politicians.

AUTHOR

2013-05-28T06:06:52+00:00

Brett McKay

Expert


yep, I'd agree with that Moa. Until Kuridrani said otherwise, it certainly looked as though he was being taken off...

AUTHOR

2013-05-28T06:05:58+00:00

Brett McKay

Expert


Kev, you're right, there was certainly an element of giving the doctor enough rope in the ref not wanting to take enough responsibility. Either way, this has been a really interesting discussion, I'm glad I expanded on it from yesterday..

AUTHOR

2013-05-28T06:03:19+00:00

Brett McKay

Expert


Biltong, I'm probably in the same camp a Mania here - I'm sure van der Merwe was essentially giving the Brumbies doctor enough rope, but I just wonder if he should have the ability - perhaps in conunction with the MDD - to say 'guys you were going to take him off of a test, that needs to happen now'...

AUTHOR

2013-05-28T05:52:13+00:00

Brett McKay

Expert


Minz, the PSCA isn't just done as a one on one though. If it is done by the Team Doctor, the MDD observes the test (and vice versa - a Team Dr can request that the MDD conduct the PSCA). This is like a fail-safe, I suppose, and to ensure there is some degree of consistency in the way they're carried out. Also, the PSCA guidelines go into detail about what constitutes a 'pass' for each stage of the test. Also, I believe that whenever a PSCA is conducted, follow-up testing is required again (I think it's within a few hours, and then again the next day). Yes, there will always be the risk that a player could pass the PSCA and still have ongoing effects. But on the whole, I think it's actually been used well since its introduction this season..

AUTHOR

2013-05-28T05:45:17+00:00

Brett McKay

Expert


Yep, agree Melon. I dont think I can recall any other article I'v written where the response has been universal consensus..

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